The conservation of genetic biodiversity in plants and animals, potentially employed for food production, represents a relevant problem worldwide. Particularly, the importance of the conservation of biodiversity of livestock genetic resources is well known nowadays, in order to maintain and develop desirable traits and bear potential gene pools with potential use. Indeed, besides the production aspects, local breeds may carry valuable and interesting features, such as disease resistance. The appreciation of typical productions by the final consumer, compared to the conventional one, makes the traceability and the conservation of livestock biodiversity an economically valuable operation. Therefore, this course is conceived in order to provide participants with the newest methodologies and strategies for sustainable conservation and traceability of livestock genetic resources, based on molecular techniques. Economic aspects will also be addressed, through specific marketing strategies aimed at improving the self-sustainability of local livestock breeds.